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Did 1969 Road Runners Hood Vent Really Draw In Fresh Air From Outside

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4. Translate the sentences

Wagons

The cars used on the early railways were very much similar the phase-coaches and wagons travelling on ordinary roads. Although fatigued by horses, these vehicles had flanged wheels which kept them on the rails.

The very kickoff freight cars are known to have been used in coal mines in England. They were open-top wagons which had wooden wheels and were pulled by horses along wooden rails. They were followed by platform cars, also known as flat cars, upon which the freight was piled and covered with tarpaulin to protect it from the weather. As the appurtenances oftentimes cruel off and were easily damaged, the platforms were fitted with low sides and ends. Later, covered cars came into existence. As time went on and railroads had to bear more and more freight, bigger and improve cars were invented for hauling different kinds of goods. Today, the railroads take several classes of freight cars, there being many varieties in each form.

The box car is considered to be the most mutual type of covered automobile. It is a full general-purpose car intended to carry all kinds of ordinary goods which must exist protected from the weather. A special type of box car is a fridge machine used for hauling food products. The walls, flooring and roof of this wagon are air- and waterproof to protect appurtenances from the oestrus of the outside air.

Another type of auto is a tank car intended for liquid appurtenances. The long cylindrical tank of the car is filled through an opening on the pinnacle and emptied through a special device in the lesser.

Coal, ore, gravel, and other similar-goods are known to be conveyed in open-top cars, the principal types of these beingness the gondola and the hopper car. Both types are designed for mechanized loading and unloading and, therefore, built especially potent and durable.

The simplest blazon of car is the flat car. Being ordinarily employed for transporting rails, beams, timber, and heavy machines, they, if fitted with special devices, can likewise carry containers. The container traffic is at present coming into wide use on all modes of transport reduces the cost of loading and unloading goods and decreases the danger of their breakage. The fact is that goods are packed into containers at factories or warehouses and are non disturbed while in transit, thus being conveyed from "door-to-door".

In add-on to the normal-type wagons in that location exist special freight cars for special kinds of appurtenances. The example of a special-type car is sure to be a double-deck car used to deport automobiles. The conveyance of automobiles past rail has turned out to be more economical than past road.

II. Essential vocabulary

phase-coach - ������� ������ wagon � �������� �����
to draw - �������, �������� flanged wheels - ������ � ��������
coal mine - ������; ����� wheel - ������
flat - ������ ��������; ������ to cover - ���������, ���������
to fell off- ��������� to fit - �������������, ���������
existence - ��������� to haul - ��������������
box car- ������ ��������� ����� general-purpose - ���������� �����������, �������������
to protect � ��������, ��������� production - �������; ���������
flooring - ������, ������ oestrus - �����; ���������
carriage - ������������ ����� ordinary - �������, �����������
vehicle - ���� ����������� freight - ����������� �������; ������-
top - �������� to pull - �����
to pile - ��������, ���������� tarpaulin - �������; ���������� ��������
to damage - ������������, ������� sides and ends - ����� �� ������ ����� ������
to carry - �����, ���������� several - �������
to consider - ����������, ������� to intend - ����������, ���������
refrigerator car- �����-����������� roof-���, �������
waterproof - ��������������� tank - ��������, ���
liquid- ����� through - ����, ��������
device - �������, �������� ore - ����
similar - �������, ������ gondola automobile - �������
to pattern - �����������, ������������ to load - ���������
apartment automobile - �����-��������� beam - �����, ����
auto - ������, �������� container - ���������, ���������� ����
to decrease - ���������� breakage - �������, �����
mill - �����, ������� to disturb - �������
door-to-door - ���� � ���� freight automobile - ��������� �����
double-deck - ������������ automobile - ������
prototype - �������� publisher - ��������
rolling stock � ������� ����� dining-motorcar - �����-��������
saloon - �����-����� passage - ���, �����
steel - ����� reduction - ���������, ����������
application - ������������ cylindrical- �����������
empty- ������, �������� bottom - ���, ����� �������
gravel - ����� to convey - ����������, ������������
hopper cur -�����-����� durable - ��������� ������������; �����
strong - ������, ������� to employ - �������, ���������������
timber - ���������� to fit - �������������, ���������
to reduce - ���������, ���������� danger - ���������,�������
to pack - �����������, �������� warehouse - �������� �����
transit - �������; ����������� to exist - ��������, ����������
sure - ����������, ��������� conveyance - ����������� .
to turn out - ������������ sleeping-car - �������� �����
to regard to - ����������, ������� to incorporate - ������ � ���
jitney - ������, ����� arrangement - �������������, �����������
innovation - ������������ plastics - �������
considerable - �������, �������� resistance - ���, �������, ������������
corrosion - ������, �������� to provide - �������������
to subtract- ����������� comeback - ���������, �������������
to depend on - �������� (��) evident - ���������, �����
performance - �������������� ���������� maintenance costs - �������������� �������
to seem - ���������, ��������� to replenish - ���������, �������������
fluorescent - �������������� conventional - ���������
likely - �������, ������� development - ��������, ���
awarding - ������������, ������������ to permit - ���������
quite �����, ������ to seem - ���������, ���������
regards- �������� to involve - ���������, ������
to justify � ��������������, �������������

Iii. Check yourself



i. What wheels did the first cars have?

2. Where have the actually first freight motorcar been s used?

three. What were they? What were the differences between them?

4. What several classes may the freight covered cars be divided into?

5. How is the box machine considered?

6. What special type of the box car is used for hauling food products?

7. In what mode are liquid goods hauled?

8. What are the two principal types of open up-meridian cars?

nine. Why are the gondola and the hopper motorcar built very potent and durable?

10. Why is the container traffic at present coming into broad use? What is its advantage?

11. What is the reason of creating a special-type car?

12. For what is a double-deck car used?

xiii. Why is the introduction of fluorescent lighting and air-conditioning justified in spite of their loftier price?

14. What innovations have been introduced in car construction since the early days?

IV. Translate the sentences

1. ������ ������ �������� ���� ���������� ������ ������ �� �������, ��

������������ ���������� ��������.

ii. ��� �� ������ ����� ��������� ������ � ���������, ��������� ����������� � �������� �������� �� ��������� �������

three. ���� ���, �������� ���� ���������� ��� ����� �� ����� �������, ���� � ������������ ����� �� ����� ������ ��� ��������������� ����� ���� ������.

iv. ����, ��� � ������ ������ ������ � ���������� �� ����������� ���� �� ������, �� ������ ������ �� ��������� ������.

v. �����, � ����� ������������ ��� (�����) ������, ���������� �����- ��������.

6. ������, ����, ����� �� ���� ������ ������ ������������ � �������� ������.

seven. ������ � ����, �� ������ ���������� � ���������� �� ������� ��� ������� � �� ������� �� ��� �����������.

8. ��������������� ��������� ��������� ����� ���� ����������, ��� �������.

9. �� ������������� ���������� �������� ������� ����������� ���������� �� ��������� ����������.




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